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# What is ENS?

## <mark style="color:blue;">**Ethereum Name Service (ENS)**</mark>

[**Ethereum Name Service (ENS)**](https://ens.domains/) <mark style="color:green;">stands as a</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">decentralized</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">domain naming system built on the Ethereum blockchain. It operates parallelly & helps integrate traditional</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**(ICANN)**</mark> _<mark style="color:green;">**DNS**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:green;">**systems**</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">, offering an alternative that transforms complex Ethereum addresses into easily memorable & human-readable names, akin to traditional domain names for websites. ENS provides users with a secure & open solution,</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**reducing**</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">the need to remember intricate</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**cryptographic strings**</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">associated with a</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">crypto wallet address</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">.</mark>

### <mark style="color:blue;">**ENS Utility**</mark>

_<mark style="color:orange;">**ENS**</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">is pushing to make the</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**everyday crypto transfer**</mark> _<mark style="color:orange;">more credible & simpler</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">by having a</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**base root identity naming system**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">utilizing the TLD</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">(</mark><mark style="color:orange;">**.eth**</mark><mark style="color:orange;">) replacing the</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**hexadecimal (0x)**</mark> _<mark style="color:orange;">crypto address</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">with a more</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">memorable one</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">that a</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">user</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">can</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">**register, assign & build a reputation**</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">upon.</mark>

_<mark style="color:green;">There are</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;">many</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">different ways</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">that</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**ENS**</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">can</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">provide value & utility to the user</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">, with one of the most</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**significant**</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">being in the</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">anonymous world of the internet</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">: an</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**online digital identity**</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">that can be</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**used as credibility for reputation when transacting with others online**</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">.</mark>

### <mark style="color:blue;">Registering an ENS Domain</mark>

_<mark style="color:orange;">**To acquire an ENS domain**</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">, users can explore & register</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">available</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;">**.eth names**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">on the</mark> [ENS App](https://app.ens.domains/)

[_**Step-by-step video walkthrough on how to register a ENS Domain**_](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNuovjgpAaQ)

<mark style="color:green;">The</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">registration process</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">involves a</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**two-step confirmation process**</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">through an</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">Ethereum Wallet</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">, allowing users to define the</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**rental period for their domain**</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">.</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**ENS**</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">not only</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">facilitates domain ownership</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">but also</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**empowers users to set up various subdomains**</mark><mark style="color:green;">, offering a more</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**recognizable & user-friendly experience in the blockchain space**</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">.</mark>

### <mark style="color:blue;">Blockchain Layer Solutions</mark>

_<mark style="color:orange;">**ENS**</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">is seeking to utilize a L2 (Layer-2)</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">feeless chain</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">such as</mark> [\[Optimism\]](https://docs.optimism.io/stack/transactions/fees) <mark style="color:orange;">or a</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">gasless</mark>_ _<mark style="color:orange;">zero-knowledge solution</mark>_ [\[zkSync\]](https://docs.zksync.io/build/tutorials/smart-contract-development/paymasters/gasless.html)<mark style="color:green;">.</mark>&#x20;

<mark style="color:green;">**At the moment**</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">making any</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**ENS**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:green;">transactions</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">such as</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">registering a name, setting records, or paying the yearly renewal fee</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">, will be at the</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">mercy</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">of the</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">almighty omni-present</mark>_ [GWEI Gas Fees](https://etherscan.io/gastracker).

_<mark style="color:orange;">**Operating**</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">on the</mark> [Ethereum Mainnet (Layer-1) ](https://etherscan.io/)<mark style="color:orange;">while using</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">high</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;">**GWEI**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">to process & approve simple transactions usually means that the Ethereum Network is congested due to the transactional demand on the Ethereum Mainnet at the time.</mark>_&#x20;

_<mark style="color:green;">**Transactions that are approved**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:green;">**first**</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">in a</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**busy**</mark>_ [_Ethereum Block_](https://inevitableeth.com/home/ethereum/blockchain/block) _<mark style="color:green;">**go**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:green;">**to the higher bid of**</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**&#x20;**</mark><mark style="color:green;">**GWEI**</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">.</mark>_

<mark style="color:orange;">The</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">main necessity</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">to</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**scale**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">is held within the</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">**Layer-2**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:orange;">technologies</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">building upon</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**Ethereum’s**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;">**Layer-1**</mark><mark style="color:orange;">.</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">**Layer-2s**</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">such as</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**Optimism, zkSync, Arbitrum**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">are</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">built in purpose</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">is to help</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">**empower**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:orange;">Ethereum’s</mark>_ _<mark style="color:orange;">ability to optimize solving & proving</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">the</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**complex mathematical problems**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">for</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">each block,</mark>_ _<mark style="color:orange;">**proving that a transaction is in fact taking place in this current timeline of existence.**</mark>_

[_**Read Vitalik’s Article about Layer-2s**_](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2023/10/31/l2types.html)

_<mark style="color:green;">If we want to achieve global adoption the different Layer norms should be as such:</mark>_

* <mark style="color:orange;">**Layer-1s**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">(</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">Hot</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">) transactions,</mark> <mark style="color:green;">\[Buying/Selling] \[Trading] \[Payments].</mark>
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Layer-2s**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">(</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">Cold</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">) transactions,</mark> <mark style="color:green;">\[Digital Services] \[Moving Crypto].</mark>
* <mark style="color:orange;">**Layer-3s**</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">(</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">Custodial</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">) transactions,</mark> <mark style="color:green;">\[Holding Crypto] \[Holding NFTS] \[ENS].</mark>

### <mark style="color:blue;">ENS Registry & Resolver</mark>

<mark style="color:green;">The way</mark> _<mark style="color:green;">**ENS**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:green;">operates</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">is through its</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**two smart contracts:**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:green;">**the registry & the resolver.**</mark>_

[_**The registry**_](https://docs.ens.domains/contract-api-reference/ens) <mark style="color:orange;">maintains a</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**comprehensive list of available domains & subdomains**</mark><mark style="color:orange;">, along with</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">**crucial information**</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">like</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">ownership details & caching time-to-live</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">.</mark>&#x20;

[_**The resolver**_](https://docs.ens.domains/dapp-developer-guide/resolving-names) _<mark style="color:green;">translates human-readable ENS domain names into corresponding cryptographic addresses &</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">vice versa, employing a</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**hierarchical system**</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">that</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**grants domain owners control over their subdomains**</mark><mark style="color:green;">.</mark>

_<mark style="color:orange;">**ENS**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:orange;">simplifies</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">the process of sharing</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">Ethereum addresses</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">, making it more</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**user-friendly**</mark><mark style="color:orange;">.</mark>

<mark style="color:green;">For instance, rather than sharing a lengthy</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">hexadecimal address</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">,</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**users can represent their addresses**</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">with</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">easily recognizable words or phrases</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">,</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**enhancing accessibility & reducing the likelihood of errors**</mark><mark style="color:green;">.</mark>&#x20;

### <mark style="color:blue;">The ENS Name Wrapper</mark>

_<mark style="color:orange;">Additionally</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">,</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">**ENS**</mark> _<mark style="color:orange;">recently implemented</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">the</mark> _<mark style="color:orange;">**(ENS Name Wrapper)**</mark>_ _<mark style="color:orange;">**fuse based parent-child system**</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;">that</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">allows .eth owners to create & manage subdomains</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">, further enhancing the</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">versatility</mark>_ <mark style="color:orange;"></mark><mark style="color:orange;">of the</mark> <mark style="color:orange;"></mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">**Decentralized Naming System**</mark>_<mark style="color:orange;">.</mark>

[_**Capabilities & Definitions of the (ENS Name Wrapper) Article by Serenae.eth**_](https://ens.mirror.xyz/0M0fgqa6zw8M327TJk9VmGY__eorvLAKwUwrHEhc1MI)

<mark style="color:green;">I also highly</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">**recommend**</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">reading more about</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**ENS**</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">& exploring the</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">in-depth concepts</mark>_ <mark style="color:green;"></mark><mark style="color:green;">of the idea of</mark> <mark style="color:green;"></mark>_<mark style="color:green;">**Pseudonymity Digital Identity**</mark>_<mark style="color:green;">.</mark>

<mark style="color:purple;">**dr3a.eth**</mark> <mark style="color:purple;"></mark><mark style="color:purple;">has been a</mark> <mark style="color:purple;"></mark>_<mark style="color:purple;">**key**</mark>_ <mark style="color:purple;"></mark><mark style="color:purple;">chess piece to the</mark> <mark style="color:purple;"></mark>_<mark style="color:purple;">marketing & adoption</mark>_ <mark style="color:purple;"></mark><mark style="color:purple;">of</mark> <mark style="color:purple;"></mark><mark style="color:purple;">**ENS Digital Identity**</mark><mark style="color:purple;">.</mark>

[_**Read dr3a.eth’s Digital Identity Blog**_](https://paragraph.xyz/@dr3a.eth/decoding-digital-identity-1?modal=subscribe)

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